2013年7月14日 讯 /生物谷BIOON/ –近日,刊登在国际杂志Genes & Development上的一篇研究报告中,来自圣犹大儿童研究医院的科学家通过研究发现,一种癌细胞用来躲避死亡的蛋白质在人类心脏健康方面也至关重要,这种蛋白的双重作用使得研究者开发癌症药物变得复杂化了,但是却可以帮助开发心肌损伤的新型疗法。
这种蛋白质名为MCL1,是当前癌症药物开发的“明星分子”,其也是细胞凋亡路径的细胞死亡抑制子,在很多癌症中该蛋白质的处于高水平表达状态,目前MCL1一系列的抑制剂已经作为癌症药物在开发了。研究者Joseph Opferman表示,我们的研究揭示,MCL1对于维持正常心脏功能必不可少,而且其也可以保护心脏细胞免受凋亡,而且该研究也揭示了,癌症相关的药物开发需要重点关注如何降低MCL1的表达,而不是完全消除该蛋白的功能。
MCL1蛋白属于参与调节细胞凋亡的蛋白质家族,机体通常通过凋亡来清除自身损伤的细胞以及不需要的细胞,MCL1可通过阻断相同家族成员的活性来阻断细胞凋亡。
文章中,当研究者在成体小鼠以及胚胎的心肌和骨骼肌中敲除了MCL1基因后,动物很快患上了致死性的心肌病;没有了MCL1基因,心肌细胞中的肌纤维就可以被纤维组织替代,而且动物心脏的泵吸性就会降低。为了更好地理解该基因在正常心脏功能中的作用,研究者通过剔除MCL1、Bak以及Bax来阻断细胞凋亡,Bak和Bax可以促进细胞凋亡,同时敲除这三个基因可以使得小鼠恢复正常的心脏功能,使得动物存活更久,但是心肌中的线粒体就不会发挥正常功能了。
研究结果显示,正常的心脏功能需要MCL1的所有形式,但问题是是否会随着长时间的研究,研究者发现MCL1的缺失会引发相应的有害作用。相关研究由NIH等机构提供资助。(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi:10.1101/gad.215855.113
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Deletion of MCL-1 causes lethal cardiac failure and mitochondrial dysfunction
Xi Wang1,2, Madhavi Bathina1, John Lynch3, Brian Koss1, Christopher Calabrese4, Sharon Frase5, John D. Schuetz3, Jerold E. Rehg6 and Joseph T. Opferman1
MCL-1 is an essential BCL-2 family member that promotes the survival of multiple cellular lineages, but its role in cardiac muscle has remained unclear. Here, we report that cardiac-specific ablation of Mcl-1 results in a rapidly fatal, dilated cardiomyopathy manifested by a loss of cardiac contractility, abnormal mitochondria ultrastructure, and defective mitochondrial respiration. Strikingly, genetic ablation of both proapoptotic effectors (Bax and Bak) could largely rescue the lethality and impaired cardiac function induced by Mcl-1 deletion. However, while the overt consequences of Mcl-1 loss were obviated by combining with the loss of Bax and Bak, mitochondria from the Mcl-1-, Bax-, and Bak-deficient hearts still revealed mitochondrial ultrastructural abnormalities and displayed deficient mitochondrial respiration. Together, these data indicate that merely blocking cell death is insufficient to completely overcome the need for MCL-1 function in cardiomyocytes and suggest that in cardiac muscle, MCL-1 also facilitates normal mitochondrial function. These findings are important, as specific MCL-1-inhibiting therapeutics are being proposed to treat cancer cells and may result in unexpected cardiac toxicity.